During pregnancy, a woman's body undergoes a series of changes to allow the development of the fetus in the womb.These changes can cause different symptoms, but they are not usually serious and tend to disappear without treatment throughout pregnancy or shortly after delivery.

Nausea and vomiting

Nausea and vomiting typical of pregnancy normally last from the sixth to the fourteenth week of gestation.However, sometimes they start at the first fault and continue until the end of the pregnancy.Although nausea and vomiting are believed to only appear in the morning, they actually occur at any time of the day.

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Its exact cause is unknown, but it is believed to be related to hormonal changes.It is very rare for vomiting to cause a major medical problem.

Nausea and vomiting usually disappear by week 14 of gestation, without the need for medical treatment.

If you have severe nausea that does not stop, see your doctor.When vomiting is continuous, it can interfere with your nutrition and leave you dehydrated.The medical term for this condition is hyperemesis gravidarum, and it sometimes requires hospital treatment.

We send you a series of recommendations to avoid them, well understood that you should also consult with your Obstetrician, since this is the one who controls your pregnancy and must be informed at all times of the variations that occur.

Also, if vomiting is not controlled, there are very effective treatments that he will prescribe for you (do not take any medication without your consent).

Suggestions:

• Try to eat frequent, small meals, high in carbohydrates, that are easy to digest, and provide energy.
• Avoid greasy or spicy foods, spicy foods, and fatty foods.
• Eat something light when you wake up, before getting up.This starts the digestive processes that will remove excess acid from your stomach and reduce nausea.
• Eat breakfast after the nausea subsides.
• Get up slowly (sudden movements can aggravate nausea).
• Make sure you have fresh air in the room when you sleep.
• Avoid strong smells from the kitchen.
• Take your iron supplements correctly following the instructions indicated, if they still make you vomit, they can be substituted for injectable preparations.
• Do not drink with meals, but be sure to drink plenty of fluids between meals, especially if you vomit.
• Juices and fizzy drinks are easy to digest and will supply some carbohydrates you need if you have a hard time keeping food down.
• Eat a protein-rich snack before going to bed.A small glass of apple juice or other fruit juice when you wake up will restore your blood sugar and decrease nausea.
• Limit drinking coffee as it stimulates acid secretion from the stomach.Even the smell of coffee can have this effect.
• Do not smoke.Smoking increases the secretion of stomach acid, which causes nausea.
• Listen to your body;do whatever you think will improve it.
• Relax and eat slowly.
• Don't eat to fill up;better, eat several small meals.
• Avoid alcohol.
• Avoid citrus fruits, they make the stomach contents more acidic and cause more irritation.
• Although sodas help, they can cause discomfort for some people.
• Avoid highly seasoned food, condiments, and fried foods.
• If a specific food bothers you, avoid it until after delivery.
• Wear comfortable loose-fitting clothing without belts.
• Don't lie flat after eating.
• If you want to rest, support your back and head on pillows.
• It is proven that you should wait up to two hours after eating before going to bed.
• Never take antacids unless your doctor tells you to.Although in pregnancy, aluminum hydroxide gel, magnesium trisilicate, and magnesium hydroxide can be administered in a controlled manner.
• Do not take medicines that contain sodium bicarbonate, as they significantly prevent the absorption of some vitamins and minerals.
• https://plazapublica.cdmx.gob.mx/profiles/pregnantperiod/activity

Urinary symptoms

In the first three months of pregnancy, many women need to urinate more often than normal.It is due to hormonal changes as the uterus is growing and presses on the bladder, which reduces its capacity.This frequent urge to urinate is also common in the four weeks before delivery, when the baby's head enters the pelvis and puts more pressure on the bladder.

During the rest of the pregnancy, the risk of contracting a UTI increases, since the emission of urine is slower due to hormones and the larger size of the uterus.

To help prevent urinary tract infections, you should drink plenty of fluids and try not to hold the urge to urinate.
If you have a urine infection and don't treat it, it can spread up to the kidneys and damage them;It is important that if it hurts or stings when urinating, you tell your doctor about it.If symptoms continue, he may prescribe antibiotics.

Fatigue

It is very normal for you to feel very tired during pregnancy, especially during the first 12-15 weeks, because your body will be under more stress than usual.

To improve your condition, try to take a nap whenever possible and try to go to bed earlier.

Sometimes extreme tiredness is a symptom of anemia.If you are concerned about this possibility, talk to your doctor or obstetrician.
"In summary;To avoid or improve constipation, drink at least six to eight glasses of water a day and eat a diet rich in fresh fruits and whole foods. "

Constipation

Constipation is common during pregnancy for a number of reasons.Hormonal changes prolong the passage of food through the intestine, while the growing uterus can press on the rectum.Iron supplements, which are often prescribed to prevent or treat anemia in pregnancy, can also make constipation worse.

During pregnancy, the digestive system undergoes a series of changes that produce different discomforts such as: regurgitation (acidity) of food more easily, slower and heavier digestions, and finally constipation.

All these discomforts are due to hormonal and physical changes (elevation of the stomach, changes in the shape of the intestines, changes in the speed of movements, etc ...) that occur during pregnancy.

If the patient also has a tendency to constipation, or is not used to adequate fiber and fluid intake, or is taking iron for anemia, the constipation will be greater.

The following solutions should be taken:

• Drink plenty of fluids: water, juices, etc.
• Increase your fiber intake.
• Get regular exercise to stimulate a bowel movement.
• Laxatives should be used with caution, as their continued use can lead to dependence.Among them, those that increase fecal volume are safe, but you should consult with your gynecologist.Glycerin enemas and suppositories should only be used as a last resort, as they can cause anal irritation, and the enema, by increasing intrarectal pressure, can be traumatic.
• Initially try the recommended measures and consult with your Gynecologist.

In summary;To avoid or improve constipation, drink at least six to eight glasses of water a day and eat a diet rich in fresh fruits and whole foods.

Breast tenderness

One of the first signs of pregnancy is usually tenderness or pain in the breasts, which usually improve after the first trimester.Wear a comfortable, gusseted maternity bra.

Itchy skin

About 20% of pregnant women suffer from some type of itchy skin.When it affects the abdomen, it is likely caused by stretching of the skin.But itching in the palms of the hands and soles of the feet is also frequent, which is attributed to increased hormonal levels.

To relieve itching, try applying a normal moisturizer, for example water-based;they are sold in pharmacies and are not expensive.

In rare cases, generalized itching in the third trimester can be a sign of a liver problem called hepatic cholestasis.If you have generalized itching, consult your GP or obstetrician.

Back pain

Some pregnant women have back pain due to the increase in size and weight of the uterus and breasts, and because pregnancy hormones loosen the ligaments that connect the spine to the pelvis.

During pregnancy there is a rectification of the curvature of the spine, exaggerating the lumbar lordosis and producing lumbago (low back pain).

Some general rules of behavior are:

• You should take frequent breaks, avoiding excessively long stays on your feet and get used to taking frequent breaks lying on your left side with certain periodicity.
• Avoid taking pesos.
• Putting on mild local heat several times a day will relax your muscles and reduce pain.
• In case you have intense pain, you should take analgesics (paracetamol), but it would be advisable for your GP or gynecologist to examine you first to assess that everything is correct and what treatment you can take, and if it is necessary to perform a diagnostic test (in generally wait until the end of the pregnancy).

Leg cramps

During pregnancy you may have leg cramps.The exact cause is not known, but doctors believe it may be related to changes in the blood circulation in the legs and the excess weight they have to bear.Leg cramps are most likely in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy.

You can relieve cramps by stretching, walking, with hot baths, and with massages.

Swollen ankles

You may have swelling (edema) in the extremities, mainly in the ankles and big toes, especially at the end of pregnancy.Swelling occurs when the uterus increases in size and presses on the veins originating in the legs, causing fluid to accumulate around the ankles.

To relieve swelling in your ankles, elevate your legs when sitting, wear waist-high reinforced stockings, and exercise.

Tingle

Tingling, especially in the hands, can be accompanied by pain or numbness and, occasionally, weakness in the fingers.Normally, it is caused by the accumulation of fluid around the wrists, compressing the nerves that supply the muscles and skin of the hands.This condition is called carpal tunnel syndrome and it usually occurs when there is also swelling of the ankles.

If the pain or numbness in your fingers doesn't go away, your doctor may recommend a molded wrist splint, especially at night.

Varicose veins

Varicose veins are veins that increase in size, especially in the legs.They tend to appear or worsen during pregnancy, because the uterus, as it grows, exerts greater pressure on the veins of the pelvis and legs and because hormones cause the walls of the blood vessels to relax.

You can alleviate symptoms or reduce the risk of varicose veins by doing gentle exercise regularly, avoiding crossing your legs when sitting, lifting your feet whenever possible, and putting on supportive stockings or tights before you get up in the morning.
Varicose veins usually get better or go away after delivery.

Hemorrhoids

Hemorrhoids can appear or get worse during pregnancy;They are due to changes in the blood circulation that the pregnant woman's body experiences.They can also appear during childbirth, when pushed.

Hemorrhoids are varicose dilations of the rectal veins.During pregnancy they are frequent due to the compression made by the uterus.Sometimes they are painful.

You should not use any medication, or apply ointments or local creams to alleviate the discomfort that hemorrhoids can cause without consulting your gynecologist.

There are some general tips for treating hemorrhoids during pregnancy:

• Maintain good anal hygiene and avoid scratching or rubbing hemorrhoids to help prevent infection.
• Correct constipation by adding fiber to the diet: fruits, vegetables, whole wheat bread, plenty of fluids.
• Avoid very seasoned foods and alcohol consumption.
• Avoid straining when defecating.Reduce the time of defecation.
• Use soft toilet paper or anal cleansing by bathing with warm water
• Apply ice or cold compresses in the acute phase of the disorder.The cold will reduce swelling.
• Then take hot baths in the area two or three times a day.This hot-cold sequence is a way to temporarily relieve external hemorrhoid pain.
• As for exercise, it is good to do it, not intensely but if you must continue doing this type of gymnastics until the fifth or sixth month.

You can reduce the risk of hemorrhoids by avoiding constipation and not holding the urge to go to the bathroom.In pharmacies they sell creams that relieve discomfort.In some cases, hot baths are helpful.Like varicose veins, hemorrhoids almost always improve or disappear completely after delivery, but surgery is sometimes needed.

Medical problems

The symptoms described so far are common in normal pregnancies and usually disappear without medical treatment.However, there are other less common conditions related to pregnancy that may require medical treatment, such as anemia, pre-eclampsia, deep vein thrombosis or diabetes.

How to identify problems

If you are pregnant, you should go to the consultation regularly to be able to detect any possible problem with the pregnancy.Your GP, midwife or obstetrician will ask you if you have any symptoms and will perform different tests, such as:

• Control of blood pressure
• Weight control, which can increase more than expected if you retain a lot of fluids.
• Urinalysis with a dipstick, which will immediately indicate whether there is sugar, protein, or blood in the sample, helping to identify an infection.
• Blood tests, which are carried out early in pregnancy and later if necessary to check for anemia.

Women who are concerned about their symptoms can go to their doctor at any time during pregnancy.

1. http://pregnancyunited.mee.nu/
2. http://pregnancyunited.mee.nu/first_signs_and_symptoms_of_pregnancy
   

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